人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结归纳免费下载
初中英语学习首先是一个记忆的过程,特别是八年级以后,我们接触的内容多了很多,需要记住的词汇、句型和语法知识也增加了，以下是小编准备的一些八年级上册英语知识点，仅供参考。
人教版八年级上册英语知识点
Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?
【重点语法】
不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
用法注意
1.some 和any+可数名/不可数名。
some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。
2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。
3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting
【重点短语】
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing...but + V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
【词语辨析】
1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照
quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”
2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea.
3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......”
arrive at +小地点
(注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home)
4. feel like sth 感觉像…
feel doing sth. 想要做某事
5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。
6. because of +名/代/V-ing
because+从句
He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.
I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.
7. enough +名词 足够的…...
形容词/副词+enough
Unit2 How often do youexercise?
【重点语法】
1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。
2.“次数”的表达方法
一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,
3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。
常见的how疑问词：
1)How soon 多久(以后)
—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?
—He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。
2)how long “多久”
—How long did it take you toclean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?
—It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。
3)How many+名复
How much+不可名
“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)
【重点短语】
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. eating habits 饮食习惯
8. take more exercise 做更多的运动
9. the same as 与什么相同
10. be different from 不同
11. once a month一月一次
12. twice a week一周两次
13. make a difference to 对......有影响/作用
14. most of the students=moststudents
15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物
16. be good for 对......有益
17. be bad for 对......有害
18. come home from school放学回家
19. of course = certainly = sure 当然
20. get good grades 取得好成绩
21. keep/be in good health 保持健康
22. take a vacation 去度假
【词语辨析】
1.maybe / may be
maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是...，也许是...，大概是...”.
The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.
The woman may be ateacher.
2. a few / few / alittle / little
a few (少数的，几个，一些)
a little (一点儿，少量)
表示肯定
few (很少的，几乎没有的)
little (很少的，几乎没有的)
表示否定
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.
There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.
Could you give me alittle milk?
3. hard / hardly
hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”;作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。
The ground is too hard to dig.
I can hardly understandthem.
It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.
4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于;关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。
如：As for him，I never want to see him here.
至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'dbetter not believe it.
关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
5. That soundsinteresting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(觉得)，seem(好象)，grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
6. percent 名词，意为“百分之……”
百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。
50%：fifty percent 百分之五十
Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。
Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱
7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
The story isn’t interesting atall. 那个故事一点也没有趣。
8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。
It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。
9. take,spend, pay
It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。
人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。
人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。
pay 的主语必须是人，而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...
10. however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。
Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.
【重点语法】
1. 形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级
(2)比较级，表示较……或更……
(3)最高级， 表示最...。
2. 比较级句型:
(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比)
(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”
(3)比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型：
“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”
Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?
3. 比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”
(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”The more, the better.
(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”
4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.
Helen is as tall asAmy.
Peter studies as hard as Tom.
表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”
I am not as tall as my sister.
5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。
当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。
【重点短语】
1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗
2. as...as...与…… 一样
3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛
4. the most important 最重要的
5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋
6. the same as 与……相同
7. care about 关心/留意/关注
8. be different from 与…...不同
9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子
10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长
11. bring out 显示/显出
12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
13. reach for 伸手达到/达到
14. touch one’s heart 感动
15. in fact 事实上
16. make friends 交朋友
17. be good at 在某方面成绩好
18. the other 另一个
19. be similar to 与…相似
20. be good with 与…和睦相处
21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心
have fun doing sth 做某事很开心
22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我一样的事情
23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是...的 ”
24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
25. as long as 只要;既然，引导条件状语从句
【词语辨析】
1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长......
2. care about 关心
care for 关爱
take care (当/小心)
take care of (照顾)=lookafter
3. make sb. do sth.： 让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)
His father always make me get upbefore five o'clock.
make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态
My friends always make me happy.
4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.
look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.
5. That’s why+句子：那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…
That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。
6. be differentfrom 与……不同
反：be the same as 与…… 相同
7. though
① adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)
② conj. 虽然;尽管=although，与but 不能同时用在一个句子中
He said he would come. He didn’t,though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。
Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still remember him.
尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。
8. get bettergrades 取得更好的成绩
9. does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。
10. be good withsb. 与某人相处得好
Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?
【重点语法】
1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。
标志词：表比较范围时用in/of
形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。
2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型
1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)
2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语
3. 常用句式
1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?
2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最…之一”。
3)序数词后跟形容词最高级
【重点短语】
1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止
2. no problem 没什么，别客气
3. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同
4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责
5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……
6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 发挥作用，有影响
7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)
8. for example=e.g. 例如
9. take …..seriously 认真对待
10. not everybody 并不是每个人
11. close to 离..….近
12. more and more 越来越……
【词语辨析】
1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of ：“ 你认为…怎么样?”
2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”
3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不客气
4. talent 名(可)天赋
talent show 才艺表演
talented adj. 有天赋的
be talented in 在......方面有天赋
5. be good at 擅长… (= do well in)
反义短语：be poor / weak in 在...方面薄弱
be good for 对……有益，后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for
be good to 对……好(和善;慈爱)，相当于 befriendly to，后面通常接人
6. all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的
a kind of 一种…...
__ kind of 有点+adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin
7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者
8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事
9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as互换;for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。
Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?
【重点语法】
1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?
2. 描述喜好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…
3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)
【重点短语】
1. find out 查出/发现
2. be ready to do 准备做…
3. dress up 打扮/化妆成
4. take one's place 代替某人
5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色
6. think of 想到/思考
7. game show 游戏节目
8. learn from 向…...学习
9. talk show 访谈节目
10. soap opera 肥皂剧
11. go on 继续
12. watch a movie 看电影
13. one of… 其中之一
14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 竭尽全力
15. a pair of 一双
16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名
17. look like 看起来像
18. around the world 世界各地
19. have a discussion about 讨论…...
20. one day 有一天/某一天
21. such as 例如
22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志
23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情
24. interesting information 有趣的信息
【词语辨析】
1. want + n 想要……
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事……
2. mind 介意，其后+名词/代词/V-ing
3. stand
1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立
2) “忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing
4. plan vt. &vi.计划, 打算，plan to do sth.
plan 还可作名词，如：make plans 制定计划
5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion
had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论
6. happen v. 发生; 出现
sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 时间/地点”句式
7. 情态动词
may 语气弱于can，意为“可能”
might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能”
may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“可能不”
They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。
8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事
hope to do sth: 希望干某事
很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：
want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask
9. be famousas 作为……而出名
be famous for sth. 因为......而出名
10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数，表示…之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。
One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。
11. show
n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;
v. 展示 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”
I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.
2.write stories 写故事
tell stories 讲故事
3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事(表动作的反复)
keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)
4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”
Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.
5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.
learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.
6. discuss v. 讨论;商量 名词是discussion
discuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :
Discuss this question with yourpartner.
Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。
All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。
7. beable to do sth. 能够做某事
(1)can : can+动词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时。
be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。
(2)can 常指客观上能够;be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。
He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.(在此不能填can)
8.promise n. 承诺;诺言 v. 许诺;承诺;答应
make a promise(to sb) (对某人)许下诺言
keep a promise 遵守诺言
break a promise 违背诺言
promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事
promise (sb) +that 从句
He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。
I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。
9.have to do with 关于;与……有关系
The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。
10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做
I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。
11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形，表示“太…...而不能...…”如：
The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。
12.one’sown +名词 “某人自己的东西”， 强调某物为个人所有
my own book 我自己的书本
【重点语法】
一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构
1. 基本形式
否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
2. 基本用法
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit7 Will people have robots?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.many+可数名词 许多......
much+不可数名词 许多......
2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”
3. bein great danger 处在极大的危险中
4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事
Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.
5.help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做……
He often helps me study English.
help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)
Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼
6.the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语：be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)
It takes me an hour to get to my office.
spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)
sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。
They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
8.hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量......
数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......
类似的数词还有thousand(千) , million(万)
There are four hundred students in ourgrade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.
9.during 在…期间
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10.the meaning of …的意思
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
【重点语法】
一般将来时
一、一般将来时的含义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。
二、一般将来时的基本结构
1. will/shall+动词原形
will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
否定式：will not=won't;shall not=shan't
一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oiland water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?
—Yes,he will./No, he won't. 是的，他会。/不，他不会。
—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?
—Tomorrow. 明天。
2.am/is/are going to +动词原形
否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。
Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?
Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
三、一般将来时的用法
will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。
1.will主要用于在以下三个方面：
(1)表示主观意愿的将来。
Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
(3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。
—Maryhas been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢，我不知道。我去看看她。
2. begoing to主要用于一下两个方面：
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit8 Howdo you make a banana milk shake?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut。
cut up 意为“切碎”
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)
turn off 关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)
turn up 开大,调高(音量、热量等)
turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)
3.one more thing 另外一件事情
another ten minutes 再多十分钟
数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……
another + 数字 +物品 指“另外的……
当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 another。
Give me two more hamburgers?
another two hamburgers
4. forgetto do sth. 忘记(去)做某事
forgetdoing sth. 忘记已做过某事。
5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时期了
It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。
It’sa time for you to study English.
It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.
by+sth./doing :
1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.
2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.
3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.
4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.
8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are+名复
Here are some English books.
当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)
9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)
be full of“装满…”(强调状态)
I filled the cup with themilk.
The cup is full of the milk.
10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里
11.cover…with…用…...覆盖
12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.
cutup… 切碎
13.serve v. 服务 n. service
serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.
【重点语法】
名词：名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。
一、名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。
如：Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO等。
专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写。
普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
如：police，eggs，rice等。
二、普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词：表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。
如：monkey，panda，ruler，boy等。
集体名词：表示一群人或一类事物的总称。
如：family，police，class，people等。
物质名词：表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。
如：Water，air，milk等。
抽象名词：表示抽象概念词。
如：hope，love，spirit。
英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。
一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。
三、名词单数变复数的规则总结
1. 规则变化
(1)一般在名词词尾加"-s"，
map—maps地图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"-es"
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班级
watch—watches手表
dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具
(3)以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加"-s"
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
zoo—zoos动物园
以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es"
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes土豆
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加"-es "
baby—babies婴儿
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s"
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
(5)以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为v加”-es “
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves树叶。
2. 不规则变化
(1)child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。
Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
(2)单复同形的名词
如：deer鹿，sheep绵羊，fish鱼，
Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人
li里，jin斤，yuan元
注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
(3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如：people人， police警察，cattle牛等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，apolice，a cattle.
但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle
theEnglish，the British，theFrench，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如：The Chinese are hard-working and brave.
中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
3. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词
(1)maths数学，politics政治(学)，physics物理学等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
(2)news消息、新闻是不可数名词。
(3)the United States美国，the United Nations联合国应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
(4)以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
4. 注意两点
(1)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
(2)还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼
四、不可数名词
不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数，没有复数形式，不能与数目字如one, two等连用，也不能加不定冠词a(n)。
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法：a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词，
如：acup of tea，a box of milk，apiece of paper等。
如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如：acup of tea---3 cups of tea，a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk，A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
【注意】
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。例如：
Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物(不可数)
Thesecakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：
Thisfactory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢材。(不可数)
Weneed various steels.我们需要各种各样的钢材。(可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。
d. 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：
fourfreedoms 四大自由
thefour modernizations 四个现代化
Unit9 Can you come to my party?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个
one…theother… 表示两者中的另一个
I don't like this one, canyou show me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.
some…others…表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”
some…theothers… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...”
Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.
2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation
invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”
invite sb. to+地点名词
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.
3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号?” It’s +月+日。
(2)What day isit today? 意为“今天是星期几?”It’s + 星期几。
—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.
4.have a lesson(class) 上课
have an English lesson
5.prepare v. 准备 n. preparation
prepare sth. “准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。
prepare for sth. “为……做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备
prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”
6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方
take…to…“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。(两者方向相反)
Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.
把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。
7.without(介词)没有 反义词：with“具有”
We can’tlive without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. sothat +从句： 以便于;目的是
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9.surprise n. 惊奇
surprised adj. 感到惊奇的(指人)
surprising adj. 令人惊奇的(指物)
be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”
to one’ssurprise “令某人惊奇的是”
① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。
② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。
10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing
I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。
I look forward to seeing you again.
11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.
12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.
13.how to do that. “该怎么做”，疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语
I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’tknow what to do.
14.at the end of “在…末尾”
Now, it is at the end of 2024.
反义短语：at the beginning of “ 在…开始”
15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事
I am glad to see you.
16.reply to sb./sth.“回复…”
Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”
【重点语法】
一. 表示邀请的句型
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?
接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )
② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由)
3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)
二. must与have to
1. must 表示主观“必须”;must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.
2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没必要)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No,you don't have to.
Unit10 Ifyou go to the party,
you’llhave a great time!
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. have agreat time 意为“玩得愉快”，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很开心
2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事
The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.
3. order sth. from+地点“从某地订购食物”
I want to order some books fromthe book store.
4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密
5. unless conj. 除非;如果不
unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not
The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.
6. be afraidto do sth. 害怕干某事
I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事
He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.
be afraid +that从句
I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime
7. be angry withsb.
We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end 最后;终于= at last/ finally
at the end of 在...末端;到...尽头
He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of thestreet.
9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词：careful， 意为“小心的”。
The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。
He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。
10. advise v.“劝告;建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议某人(不)做某事
I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议等到适当的时候。
I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。
11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事
It’s best to speak English everyday.
12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”
13. cut …in half “切成两半”
【重点语法】
if条件句
if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。
(主将从现)
构成
if从句
主句（主将从现）
时态
一般现在时：
主+be(is/am/are)+其它（名/形）。
主+V原+其它。
主（三单）+V（三单）+其它。
1.一般将来时：
主语＋shall/will+V原
2.主句是祈使句
3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词
4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表愿望的词
例句
If I am an teacher,
If you come back,
If he comes，
If you can come,
If I have much money
I will be busy.
call me please.
he will take us to the zoo.
please let me know.
I may take a trip.
注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。
PS：在when(当…时候), after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。
如：I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。
八年级上册英语期末考试卷
Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确答语。每个句子读一遍。(5分)
( )1.A. Thank you. B. Bad luck. C. I’m afraid not.
( )2. A. Not at all. B. Yes, that’s right. C. Glad to hear that.
( )3.A. Why not? B. I’m feeling well. C. OK, Dr. Sun.
( )4.A. Sure, go ahead. B. Sorry, I don’t. C. Let me think.
( )5.A.Very much. B. Plants and animals. C. Plants.
Ⅱ. 听句子，选择正确图片。每个句子读一遍。(5分)
( )6.
Ⅲ. 听对话及问题，选择正确答案。每组对话及问题读两遍。(5分)
( )11. A. In the pond. B. In the river. C. In the sea.
( )12. A. Country music. B. Rock music. C. Pop music.
( )13. A. Learning English. B. Climbing mountains. C.Visiting a museum.
( )14. A. Yes, he did. B. No, he didn’t. C. No, never.
( )15. A. Many. B. Few. C. Only a few.
Ⅳ. 听短文，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。(5分)
( )16. What does Dave do?
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A student.
( )17. What are the children doing?
A. Playing football. B. Learning something about animals.
C. Talking to the teacher.
( )18. What’s Dave’s father?
A. A worker. B. A writer. C. A policeman.
( )19. Where is Dave’s house?
A. Near the school. B. Next to the zoo. C. Across from the library.
( )20. Does Dave like animals?
A. Yes, he does. B. No, he doesn’t. C. Yes, he is.
第二部分 基础知识运用(100分)
Ⅰ.单项选择。(15分)
( )1. Jenny, you often get ill, so you should _______ your health.
A.look for B.look up C.look at D.care for
( )2. Do you prefer _______?
A.skate B.skates C.skating D.skated
( )3. My mother often tells me _______ my classmates when they need.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helps
( )4. —How many students are there in your school ?
—_______ students , I think .
A. Thousand of B.Two thousands C. Two thousand D. Two thousands of
( )5. The doctor ______and found there was something wrong with his eyes.
A. looked him after B. checked him over
C. looked him up D. checked him about
( )6 —.My father goes shopping every weekend .
— Oh ? But he _______ hate going shopping .
A. used to B. use to C. uses to D. is used to
( )7. —Why do you like living in the countryside ?
—Because there is _______ noise and _______ factories there .
A. less, fewer B. fewer , less C. less, less D. fewer , fewer
( )8. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting _____my friends _____ the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
( )9. —_______
—Nothing serious, but a bit tired.
—Better have a rest now, dear.
A. Is that all? B. Is there anything else?
C. What’s this? D. What’s the matter with you?
( )10. —Which is _______, the sun, the moon or the earth?
—Of course the sun.
A. smaller B. the smallest C. bigger D. the biggest
( )11. —What were you doing at this time yesterday?
—We _______ in the classroom.
A. read B. were reading C. are reading D. was reading
( ) 12. —Would you mind _______ in the classroom?
—Sorry, I won’t do that again.
A. not running B. don’t run C. not to run D. to not run
( )13. Tom and Jim were talking in the living room_______ I was reading the newspaper .
A. while B. when C. before D. after
( )14.There _______ a school sports meeting next week .
A. have B. will be C . has D. are going to be
( )15. We _______ play on this road. There is too much traffic.
A. must B. mustn’t C. need D. needn’t
Ⅱ.完形填空。(20分)
(A)
Mike is my friend. He 16 the day with morning exercises. After morning exercises, he 17 English at home. It’s time to 18 breakfast. His 19 habits are 20 good. He eats a lot of vegetables. He 21 ever eats junk food. He says it is bad for 22 to eat junk food too much. In the afternoon, he plays football with his classmates. Because he doesn’t like to go to the movies, he often 23 TV at home. Sometimes he 24 on the Internet and talks with me 25 the Internet.
( ) 16. A. start B. begin C. starts D. begins with
( ) 17. A. reading B. reads C. watch D. books at
( ) 18. A. take B. have C. like D. owe
( ) 19. A. eating B. eats C. eat D. to eat
( ) 20. A. rather B. pretty C. much D. too
( ) 21. A. hard B. harder C. hardly D. hearty
( ) 22. A. healthy B. health C. fit D. fitness
( ) 23. A. looks at B. reads C. watches D. sees
( ) 24. A. gets B. got C. getting D. to get
( ) 25. A. in B. on C. at D. with
(B)
Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking 26 animals. 27 can make you grow, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.
David Smith is a student. His hobby is 28 . In senior high school, he wrote a book and it came out in 2007. Many teenagers(青少年) 29 his book. As a result, David is a successful (有成就的) young 30 now.
David is very lucky 31 his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success. But he thinks of writing 32 only one of his many hobbies or interests. He is 33 in many other things. “I like playing badminton (羽毛球), too.” says David. And he is a member of the school badminton team.
Remember that we 34 spend all our time on our favorite hobby. There are many other interesting things 35 in life, and we should try to do something new or different.
( ) 26. A. at B. for C. up D. after
( ) 27. A. Friends B. Hobbies C. Habits D. Life
( ) 28. A. reading B. painting C. writing D. fishing
( ) 29. A. like B. show C. hate D. sell
( ) 30. A. writer B. editor C. scientist D. lawyer (律师)
( ) 31. A. though B. because C. however D. if
( ) 32. A. as B. with C. for D. to
( ) 33. A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. interests
( ) 34. A. should B. shouldn’t C. must D. needn’t
( ) 35. A. making B. to make C. doing D. to do
III. 阅读理解。(30分)(A、B两篇每小题1分，C、D两篇每小题2分)
(A)
Mary likes sports. Her school sports meet will be held on May 4th. She entered for the high jump and long jump, and the other girls in her class are sure she will win both. But ten days before the school sports meet, when Mary climbed a hill, she hurt her left leg.
She worried about the school sports meet. Would her leg be all right by May 4th? Four of her friends took her to the hospital. The doctor said it was not serious. Mary’s left leg would be much better by the end of April, and on May 4th， she would be able to run and jump at the school sports meet.
( ) 36. Mary will enter _______.
A. the high jump B. the long jump C. the hill climbing D.A and B
( ) 37. Mary hurt her left leg on _______.
A. May 4th B. April 24th C. April 3rd D. May 14th
( ) 38. When Mary hurt her left leg, she worried about _______.
A. her walking B. her going to hospital
C. her going to school D. the school sports meet
( ) 39. The doctor said she would be better soon, because _______.
A. Mary was not badly hurt
B. four friends took her to the hospital on time
C. Mary was strong enough
D. Mary had a lot of time before the school sports meet
( ) 40. Which is TRUE?
A. Mary won’t enter for the school sports meet.
B. Mary won the high jump and long jump at last.
C. Mary will enter for the school sports meet.
D. Mary couldn’t watch the school sports meet.
( B )
One day a dentist was starting his morning work. Suddenly a man ran in. His face was red and he could only say “Quick! Quick!” The dentist thought he must be very ill. His assistant helped to make the poor man sit in a chair. The dentist gave the man some medicine to make him sleep. Then, he looked into the man’s mouth and pulled out all the bad teeth. As soon as the man woke up, he said in a low voice, “Quick, doctor, quick.”
“It’s all right now,” the dentist told him. “It’s over.”
“You don’t understand,” said the man, “I came to tell you your house is on fire.”
( ) 41.The story took place (发生) _______.
A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening D. at night
( ) 42. When the man ran in, the dentist thought he must be _______.
A. over B. ill C. all right D. rich
( ) 43. The man _______ after he took some medicine.
A. began to work B. began to cry C. went home D. went to sleep
( ) 44. The dentist pulled _______ out of the man’s mouth.
A. a tooth B. a bad tooth C. all the bad teeth D. all the teeth
( ) 45. The man ran in _______.
A. because he was ill B. because he wanted to sleep
C. to tell the dentist that he was all right
D. to tell the dentist that his house was on fire
(C)
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
This is an old English saying. It means that we should go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever.
Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours’ sleep every night. If you do not go to bed early, you can not have enough sleep. Then you can not think properly and you can not do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy!
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We should sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep well. When the daylight comes, we should get up. This is the time for exercise. If the body is not used, it will become weak. Exercise keeps it strong.
Exercise helps the blood to move around inside the body. This is very important. Blood takes nutrition (营养) to all parts of our bodies. The brains in our heads also need blood. We think with our brains. If we keep our bodies healthy, and take exercise, we can think better!
Our bodies also need air to breathe. Without air we will die. Get up early in the morning and we can have plenty of clean, fresh air. That will keep us healthy and happy.
( ) 46. The old English saying“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”mainly shows _______.
A. what good habits are B. what bad habits are
C. how to become healthy, rich and clever
D. it’s easy for people to get up and go to bed early
( ) 47. It’s important for people to have enough sleep. If not, they _______.
A. may not be strong B. may not become wealthy
C. can not think and do their work properly D. will not get up early
( ) 48. The word“properly”means“_______”.
A. correctly B. carefully C. quickly D. easily
( ) 49.The last paragraph but one (倒数第2段) tells us that _______ helps the blood to move around inside the body.
A. fresh air B. enough sleep C. good habits D. exercise
( ) 50. This passage is probably written for _______.
A. old people B. middle-aged people C. weak people D. children
(D)
The Internet has become part of teenagers’(十几岁的) life. A new report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities found that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often.
While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit websites(网址) they should not look at. Hong Ying, a teacher from Beijing Yinghua Middle School warns(警告) that bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet. She had a student who used to be good at school. But then he started visiting unhealthy websites. He went mad, cheated(欺骗) a girl and was taken away by the police.
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior(行为) has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. The book uses real examples to teach students about good ways of using the Internet. The book gives useful advice such as to read news or to find helpful information to study. Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea.
Hong said the book will be a guide for teens to use the Internet. She believes it will keep students away from bad sites.
“Many students are using the Internet without guidance(指导) from their parents,”she said, “The book will teach students how to be a good person in the online world.”
根据短文内容，选择答案。
( ) 51. How many among the 3,375 students believe they use the Internet very often?
A. 10. B. 18. C. 38. D. About 1282.
( ) 52._______ children are using the computer in a good way.
A. All B. Not all C. Each of the D. Every
( ) 53. A textbook on good Internet behavior has begun to be used in _______.
A. Beijing B. Wuhan C. Shenyang D. Shanghai
( ) 54. The aim of the book is to _______.
A. teach students how to go online in a good way
B. tell children how to make online friends
C. tell a lot of stories about the harm of the Internet
D. teach students how to play computer games
( ) 55. The student who was caught by the police was _______.
A. crazy B. too interested in the bad things C. late D. too excited
IV.词汇。(20分，每小题1分)
(A)根据句意及所给提示完成单词，每空一词。
56. Tom is a great inventor. He _ ___(invent)many useful things years ago.
57. Bad ____ ___ (habit) can make us sick.
58. We shouldn’t ____ ___ (spend) too much time on it.
59. The Great Wall is one of the ____ ___ (great) wonders in the world.
60. I`m____ ___ (leave) for Shanghai instead of Beijing.
61. Robots are very useful in the ____ ___ (现代的) world.
62. We need ____ ___ (另外的) ten minutes to finish the work.
63 We should try our best to ______ ___(保护)the environment.
64 Five rings are a ____ ___(标致)of the Olympic Games.
65. He isn’t at school now. ____ ___ (或许) he is at home.
(B) 根据句意及汉语提示填空，每空一词。
66. We need two more girls to _________ _________ (组成) the team.
67. There are _________ _________ (至少) 200 people going to the meeting.
68. You have _________ _________ (许多) time to do your homework.
69. The shark mainly_________ _______ (以……为食) fish and other sea animals.
70. When I got home, I saw my father _________ _________ (躺在) the sofa.
71. Doing more exercise like running helps to ______ ______(增强)our body.
72. All of us should _________ _________ _________ (远离) smoking.
73.I want to be a doctor _________ _________ _________ (将来).
74. Mum, don’t _________ _________ (担心) me. I’ll take good care of myself.
75. Tom and Jerry, listen, don`t ___ __ ________ ______ (沉迷)computer games.
V.句型转换，每空一词。(5分)
76. He used to go out for a walk after supper.(改为否定句)
He________ ________ to go out for a walk after supper.
77. You should take this medicine three times a day.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ should I take this medicine?
78. Jim speaks Chinese very well.(改为感叹句)
________ ________ Jim speaks Chinese!
79. He is so old that he can care for himself.(改为同义句)
He is old ________ to ________ care of himself.
80. Can you tell me how I can get to the museum? (改为同义句)
Can you tell me ________ ________get to the museum?
VI.书面表达 (10分)
根据下面内容提示和所给的词，写一篇60～70字的短文。
内容提示：王涛过去曾是一名电影迷，现在他喜欢上了运动，他每天很早起床，然后锻炼。他也有非常好的兴趣爱好，喜欢集邮和旅游，。他想要和外国人交朋友，带他们参观中国的名胜古迹，如长城、故宫等。
提示词: used to be, sports, get up early, exercise, good bobbies, be interested in, take part in, make friends, visit
八年级英语教学工作计划
一、教材分析
《新目标英语》八年级(下册)共安排有十个单元，各单元话题灵活有趣，贴近学生生活实际。本册书将学习的一些语法知识点有：一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时、间接引语、时间状语从句、条件状语从句、反意疑问句等。同时每个单元都增加了文化背景知识和学习策略，并增加了任务型学习成分与语篇输入，提供了一篇具有跨文化内容的阅读文章及相关的练习，用以训练学生的阅读能力，扩大学生的阅读量。
二、学情分析
本学期我担任八年级一班和二班的英语教学。这两个班的大多数学生能基本掌握所学知识，通过前面一年的英语学习，大多数学生已能听懂并运用所学英语去进行英语交流。这两个班的大多数学生对英语有较高的兴趣，能积极学习并参与课堂活动，英语学科成绩较好，但问题学生也有几人，学生发展参差不齐，这给教学带来不少困难。
三、教学策略及措施
1、教学应面向全体学生，注重对学生进行运用英语能力的培养，力争人人都有进步;
2、对学生因材实教，尊重学生个体差异，力争让不同学生全面发展;
3、采用“任务型”活动教学，鼓励学生参与体验与交流，力争让学生增强对英语的学习兴趣;
4、充分利用课堂作业与课外作业，严格要求学生抓好落实，强化所学，力争让每位学生皆有所获。
5、认真抓好周考和月考。
四。 采取的措施
1.认真钻研教材和课标，利用备课组的集体智慧精心备课，明确每堂课的基础内容和拓展内容，满足不同层次学生的不同需求，做到上好每一堂课。
2 课后多与学生沟通，了解学生学情，及时得到反馈信息，以利于改进教学中存在的问题和不足。
3 在课堂上积极开展丰富多彩的英语活动，提高学生兴趣。如英语演讲比赛、单词听写比赛、朗读比赛、英语句子接龙比赛等。
4 .课后加强个别辅导与答疑，利用下课时间做好培优补差。
5 .不断学习，加强自身素质和业务能力的提高。
